Annotated Bibliography

The Style used is called ASM after the American Society of Microbiology

1. Morrison C, Dial S, Day W, Joens L. 2012. Investigations of Salmonella enterica Serovar Newport Infections of Oysters by Using Immunohistochemistry and Knockout Mutagenesis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78:2867-2873.

     The main idea of this study was to look at how long the Salmonella virus remains on oysters because of a recent outbreak of the diseases. The study was conducted to help further understand the disease and allows the reader's to see the benefit of researching potentially harmful viruses.  This however does not show that the same results or findings can come with no risks as with the Bird flu virus.


2. Vogel K. 2014. Expert Knowledge in Intelligence Assessments: Bird Flu and Bioterrorism. International Security 38:39-71.
    
   This article is a very important and alarming because it highlights a modified variant of the bird flu virus and explains how little intelligence the United States has on the security of these types of labs and also looks at how there needs to be an implementation of some structure of security.  This article shows how little oversight there is when it comes to this type of research which is alarming. 


3. Akst J. 2014. Haste Caused CDC Bird Flu Contamination?. The Scientist.
   
    This article explains a major biosecurity breach where a strain of virus got out.  Tis shows how little mistakes could be catastrophic in this type of research.

4. Greenfieldboyce N. 2015. Biologists Choose Sides In Safety Debate Over Lab-Made Pathogens. NPR.
    
    This is an article describing the main players and reasons for the controversy and will be referenced heavily in the QRG.

5. Yang J. 2015. Bird flu study 'sounds the alarm' on strain’s pandemic potential. thestar.com.
    
      This article shows the bird flu outbreak in China in 2013 which shows the dangers of the bird flu.  This article then goes into depth explaining how the 2nd out break was a mutated strain of the original Bird flu.

6. Branswell H. 2014. Five changes can make H5N1 virus transmit among mammals, study finds. Global News.
   This article also takes a look at the danger of bird flu showing that it takes very little for this virus to become contagious to humans.  The part that is most worrisome is that this disease kills birds with very few survivors so if a mutation does occur without us knowing it could possibly lead to a pandemic.

7. Greenfieldboyce N. 2014 Research Institutions Will Have To Identify 'Dual-Use' Pathogens. NPR

        The significance of this article is that it entails an actual result to the controversy in that there was a decision by both sides and the federal government on what to do with "Dual-use" Labs but it still makes the event controversy because it does federal funding with limits.

8. Christensen J. 2014 Anthrax investigation: USDA finds more CDC lab problems,  CNN
   This article is mainly going to be used to describe the biosecurity issues that have arisen in the past couple of years.

9. Ford D., 2014 CDC: Up to 86 workers possibly exposed to anthrax, CNN
   This article is going to be used to talk about how the security issues are causing a real problem and can potentially be a nationwide issue.